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Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced EF
Patients with HFrEF (EF <40%), often post-MI. Commonly on multiple medications. Look for signs of volume overload and NYHA class progression.
COPD: Moderate-to-Severe (GOLD 2–3)
Smokers or ex-smokers aged 50+, presenting with chronic dyspnea, productive cough, and ≥1 exacerbation per year. FEV1 30–80% predicted.
Total Knee Replacement — Pre-Op Preparation
Patients with end-stage knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3–4), pain limiting ADLs, and failed conservative management (PT, NSAIDs, injections).